Parameterized queries separate data from commands

A login form accepts ' OR '1'='1 and hands the attacker every row of the users table.

I treat parameterized queries as the boundary that keeps untrusted input as data, never as executable structure.

OWASP counts injection among the 2025 categories, covering SQL, NoSQL, operating system commands, and cross-site scripting.

Allowlist validation and context aware escaping help, but neither ever replaces parameterization.

If Strict CSP contains injected scripts by default limits script impact, then Updates and logging close the loop attackers exploit catches what slips past input handling.

I parameterize every untrusted input first, then add validation as a deliberate second layer.