Apa itu React Framework?

December 15, 2025 7 minutes read

React Framework adalah layer tambahan di atas React library yang menyediakan struktur, konvensi, dan fitur-fitur tambahan untuk membangun aplikasi web yang lebih kompleks dan production-ready.

Perbedaan React Library vs React Framework

React Library

React sendiri adalah library untuk membangun user interfaces, khususnya untuk:

Membuat komponen UI yang reusable
Mengelola state aplikasi
Handling events dan lifecycle
Virtual DOM untuk performa optimal

React Framework

React Framework menambahkan layer di atas React library dengan:

Routing system - Navigasi antar halaman
Build tools - Bundling, compilation, optimization
Server-side rendering - SEO dan performa
File conventions - Struktur proyek yang konsisten
Development tools - Hot reload, debugging
Production optimizations - Code splitting, caching

Mengapa Butuh React Framework?

1. Kompleksitas Setup

Membangun aplikasi React dari nol memerlukan konfigurasi yang kompleks:

                // Manual setup yang diperlukan tanpa framework:
// - Webpack configuration
// - Babel setup
// - ESLint configuration  
// - Development server
// - Production build process
// - Code splitting
// - Asset optimization

              

2. Best Practices Built-in

Framework menyediakan best practices secara default:

File structure yang konsisten
Performance optimizations
Security considerations
SEO-friendly setup

3. Developer Experience

Hot module replacement
Error boundaries
Development tools
TypeScript support out-of-the-box

Popular React Frameworks

[[NextJS|Next.js]]

Full-stack framework dengan [[SSR]]/[[SSG]]
File-based routing dengan [[App Router]] dan [[Pages Router]]
API routes untuk backend functionality
Built-in optimizations (images, fonts, scripts)
Deployment terintegrasi dengan Vercel

Gatsby

Static site generator fokus pada performa
GraphQL data layer
Plugin ecosystem yang kaya
Progressive Web App features

Remix

Full-stack framework dengan fokus pada web standards
Nested routing
Data loading yang optimal
Progressive enhancement

Create React App (CRA)

Starter template untuk React applications
Zero configuration setup
Build scripts yang sudah dikonfigurasi
Testing setup included

Kapan Menggunakan Framework vs Library

Gunakan React Library Ketika:

Membangun komponen untuk aplikasi existing
Butuh kontrol penuh atas build process
Aplikasi sederhana dengan requirements khusus
Integrating React ke dalam aplikasi non-React

Gunakan React Framework Ketika:

Membangun aplikasi web lengkap
Butuh SEO optimization
Memerlukan server-side rendering
Tim development yang besar
Deadline yang ketat

Arsitektur React Framework

graph TD
    A[React Framework] --> B[React Library]
    A --> C[Build System]
    A --> D[Routing]
    A --> E[Server Features]
    A --> F[Development Tools]
    
    B --> B1[Components]
    B --> B2[State Management]
    B --> B3[Virtual DOM]
    
    C --> C1[Bundling]
    C --> C2[Code Splitting]
    C --> C3[Optimization]
    
    D --> D1[File-based Routing]
    D --> D2[Dynamic Routes]
    D --> D3[Nested Layouts]
    
    E --> E1[SSR/SSG]
    E --> E2[API Routes]
    E --> E3[Middleware]
    
    F --> F1[Hot Reload]
    F --> F2[Error Handling]
    F --> F3[DevTools]

Fitur Umum React Framework

1. Routing System

                // File-based routing (Next.js style)
pages/
├── index.tsx          // Route: /
├── about.tsx          // Route: /about
├── blog/
│   ├── index.tsx      // Route: /blog
│   └── [slug].tsx     // Route: /blog/[slug]
└── api/
    └── users.ts       // API Route: /api/users

              

2. Data Fetching

                // Server-side data fetching
export async function getServerSideProps() {
  const data = await fetch('https://api.example.com/data')
  return {
    props: { data }
  }
}

// Static generation
export async function getStaticProps() {
  const posts = await getPosts()
  return {
    props: { posts },
    revalidate: 60 // ISR - revalidate every 60 seconds
  }
}

              

3. Built-in Optimizations

                // Image optimization
import Image from 'next/image'

function Gallery() {
  return (
    <Image
      src="/hero.jpg"
      alt="Hero"
      width={800}
      height={600}
      priority // Load immediately
      placeholder="blur" // Show blur while loading
    />
  )
}

// Font optimization
import { Inter } from 'next/font/google'

const inter = Inter({ subsets: ['latin'] })

export default function Layout({ children }) {
  return (
    <html className={inter.className}>
      <body>{children}</body>
    </html>
  )
}

              

4. Development Experience

                // Hot module replacement
if (module.hot) {
  module.hot.accept()
}

// Error boundaries
function ErrorBoundary({ children }) {
  return (
    <ErrorBoundary
      fallback={<div>Something went wrong</div>}
      onError={(error) => console.log(error)}
    >
      {children}
    </ErrorBoundary>
  )
}

              

Memilih React Framework yang Tepat

Pertimbangan Utama

1. Jenis Aplikasi

Static sites → Gatsby, Next.js (SSG)
Dynamic apps → Next.js, Remix
E-commerce → Next.js dengan Shopify/Stripe
Blogs/CMS → Gatsby, Next.js

2. Performance Requirements

SEO critical → Next.js, Gatsby
Real-time apps → Next.js dengan WebSocket
Large datasets → Remix dengan optimized data loading

3. Team Expertise

React beginners → Create React App, Next.js
Full-stack developers → Next.js, Remix
Static site focus → Gatsby

4. Deployment Target

Vercel → Next.js (optimal)
Netlify → Gatsby, Next.js
Traditional hosting → Static export
Self-hosted → Any framework

Best Practices dengan React Framework

1. Project Structure

                src/
├── components/        # Reusable UI components
│   ├── ui/           # Basic components (Button, Input)
│   └── features/     # Feature-specific components
├── pages/            # Route components
├── hooks/            # Custom React hooks
├── utils/            # Utility functions
├── styles/           # Global styles
└── types/            # TypeScript definitions

              

2. Performance Optimization

                // Code splitting
const DynamicComponent = dynamic(() => import('./HeavyComponent'), {
  loading: () => <Spinner />,
  ssr: false
})

// Memoization
const ExpensiveComponent = memo(({ data }) => {
  const processedData = useMemo(() => 
    processLargeDataset(data), [data]
  )
  
  return <div>{processedData}</div>
})

              

3. State Management

                // Context for global state
const AppContext = createContext()

// Custom hooks for state logic
function useAuth() {
  const [user, setUser] = useState(null)
  
  const login = useCallback(async (credentials) => {
    const user = await authenticate(credentials)
    setUser(user)
  }, [])
  
  return { user, login }
}

              

Migrasi dari Library ke Framework

Langkah Migrasi

1. Assessment

Evaluasi aplikasi existing
Identifikasi pain points
Tentukan target framework

2. Incremental Migration

                // Gradual migration approach
// 1. Setup framework di folder baru
// 2. Migrate komponen satu per satu
// 3. Update routing secara bertahap
// 4. Migrate state management
// 5. Update build process

              

3. Testing Strategy

Unit tests untuk komponen
Integration tests untuk pages
E2E tests untuk user flows
Performance testing

Kesimpulan

React Framework menyediakan foundation yang solid untuk membangun aplikasi React yang scalable dan maintainable. Dengan memilih framework yang tepat, developer dapat:

Fokus pada business logic daripada boilerplate
Mendapatkan best practices secara default
Meningkatkan developer experience
Optimasi performa otomatis
Deployment yang lebih mudah

Rekomendasi:

Pemula: Mulai dengan [[NextJS]] atau Create React App
Production apps: [[NextJS]] untuk full-stack, Gatsby untuk static
Learning: Coba berbagai framework untuk memahami trade-offs

Related Notes:

[[NextJS Next.js]] - Framework React yang populer
[[SSR Server Side Rendering]] - Rendering di server
[[SSG Static Site Generation]] - Generate static files

[[Web Performance

Performance Optimization]] - Optimasi performa web

[[SEO Optimization SEO]] - Search engine optimization

External Links:

[[React Documentation::https://react.dev]]
[[Next.js Framework::https://nextjs.org]]
[[Gatsby Framework::https://www.gatsbyjs.com]]

Links to this note

Web Performance Optimization